Dewclaw Removal in Dogs: Understanding the Controversy

Dogs, our beloved four-legged companions, come with a unique feature called dewclaws. These small, often misunderstood appendages are located higher up on a dog’s limb and don’t make contact with the ground when the dog is standing. The debate surrounding dewclaws revolves around whether they serve any purpose or if their removal is necessary. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the arguments for and against dewclaw removal in dogs, shedding light on the different perspectives and helping you make an informed decision for your furry friend’s well-being.

What Are Dewclaws and What Do They Do?

Dewclaws are the fifth claw or toenail on a dog’s front paws, positioned above the wrist. They are analogous to a human thumb, albeit without the same opposable functionality. While dewclaws don’t offer all the benefits of a human thumb, they do serve an important purpose.

The front dewclaw has five tendons attached to it, providing stability and support during motion. It aids in gripping and manipulating items, such as toys or bones, and can be useful for some dogs when swimming. Additionally, during high-speed activities like running and turning, the dewclaw helps stabilize the carpus or wrist, minimizing the risk of joint twisting and over-rotation.

The Controversy: To Remove or Not to Remove Dewclaws?

The controversy surrounding dewclaw removal arises from differing opinions among experts, breeders, and handlers. Some argue that dewclaws are unnecessary and prone to injuries, while others believe they play a vital role in a dog’s mobility and should be left intact. Let’s delve into the perspectives and factors influencing this ongoing debate.

Arguments for Dewclaw Removal

One school of thought advocates for dewclaw removal, particularly in certain breeds or working dogs. Advocates of dewclaw removal often cite the following reasons:

1. Injury Prevention: Dogs with dewclaws can be susceptible to injuries when running through dense vegetation or navigating rough terrain. The dewclaw may catch on objects, leading to torn or partially torn dewclaws, which can be painful and require medical attention.
2. Ease of Maintenance: Dewclaws, especially those that are unattached or loosely attached, may grow longer and require regular trimming to prevent overgrowth. Removal eliminates the need for dewclaw-specific maintenance and reduces the risk of ingrown nails.
3. Breed Standards: In some dog breeds, dewclaw removal is customary as it aligns with breed standards and aesthetics. Breeders and exhibitors may choose to remove dewclaws to achieve a cleaner, straighter leg appearance in show dogs.

Arguments Against Dewclaw Removal

On the other side of the debate, proponents of keeping dewclaws intact argue that dewclaw removal is unnecessary and can have negative consequences for a dog’s well-being. Here are the main arguments against dewclaw removal:

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1. Functionality and Mobility: Many experts, including veterinarian M. Christine Zink, emphasize the importance of dewclaws in a dog‘s mobility. Dewclaws provide extra stability and leg stabilization during high-speed activities, such as running and turning. They help minimize torque on the leg and reduce the risk of joint injuries.
2. Tendon and Muscle Attachment: Dewclaws have tendons and muscles attached to them, indicating their active use. Removing dewclaws can lead to muscle atrophy and potentially affect a dog’s overall balance and coordination.
3. Arthritis and Joint Stress: Studies suggest that dogs without dewclaws may be more prone to developing arthritis in the carpus or wrist joint. The absence of dewclaws can lead to increased stress on other joints as they compensate for the lack of stability provided by the dewclaw.

Dewclaw Removal Procedure and Considerations

If you decide to proceed with dewclaw removal, it is important to understand the procedure and the potential implications. Here’s what you need to know:

Timing of Dewclaw Removal

Dewclaw removal is typically performed when puppies are two to five days old. At this age, the procedure is relatively simple and can be done by a veterinarian or an experienced breeder. Early removal avoids potential complications and allows for optimal healing.

In some cases, dewclaws can be removed from older dogs, although the procedure becomes more complex and requires general anesthesia. It is crucial to consult with a veterinarian to ensure a safe and successful removal process.

Surgical Techniques and Aftercare

Dewclaw removal involves a surgical procedure that can vary depending on factors such as the dog’s age and the attachment of the dewclaw. The two main techniques are:

1. Clipping or Cutting: In this method, the dewclaw is snipped off at the base using scissors or nail clippers. This technique is commonly used for dewclaw removal in newborn puppies.
2. Orthopedic Amputation: If the dewclaw is attached to the bone, a more complex surgical procedure is needed. An elliptical incision is made around the base of the nail, and the dewclaw, along with any underlying bone or tissue, is removed. Sutures are used to close the wound, and bandages may be applied for post-operative care.

After dewclaw removal, proper aftercare is essential to promote healing and prevent complications. This may include bandage changes, pain medication, and restricted activity. It is crucial to follow the veterinarian’s instructions and monitor the healing process closely.

Factors to Consider: Lifestyle and Breed-Specific Considerations

When deciding whether to remove or keep dewclaws, it is important to consider your dog’s lifestyle and breed-specific factors. Here are some key considerations:

1. Activity Level: Dogs engaged in high-intensity athletic activities, such as agility, flyball, or hunting, may benefit from the stabilizing and gripping functions of dewclaws. Conversely, dogs with a more sedentary lifestyle may not require dewclaws for their day-to-day activities.
2. Breed Standards and Show Dogs: Certain dog breeds, such as the Great Pyrenees or the Beauceron, have dewclaws as part of their breed standards. If you plan to show your dog, keeping dewclaws intact may be necessary to meet breed requirements.
3. Breed-Specific Dewclaws: Some dog breeds, like the Norwegian Lundehund or the Spanish Mastiff, have double dewclaws or specific dewclaw configurations that are considered functional and important for their intended purposes. In these cases, keeping dewclaws intact may be beneficial.

Dewclaw Care and Maintenance

Whether you choose to keep or remove your dog’s dewclaws, proper care and maintenance are crucial for their overall well-being. Here are some tips for dewclaw care:

1. Regular Trimming: If your dog has dewclaws, it is important to regularly trim them to prevent overgrowth. Dewclaws may grow faster than other nails, so pay close attention to their length and trim as needed. Long dewclaws can catch on objects and increase the risk of injury.
2. Preventing Infections: Broken or injured dewclaws can be susceptible to infections. Keep the dewclaw and surrounding area clean and monitor for any signs of redness, swelling, or discharge. If you notice any signs of infection, consult with your veterinarian for appropriate treatment.
3. Nutrition and Nail Health: A balanced diet rich in essential nutrients, such as protein, Omega-3 fatty acids, and minerals like iron and zinc, can promote healthy nail growth and strength. Consult with a veterinarian or a canine nutritionist to ensure your dog’s diet supports optimal nail health.

Making an Informed Decision for Your Dog

Ultimately, the decision to remove or keep dewclaws should be made based on careful consideration of your dog’s individual needs, breed-specific factors, and expert opinions. Consult with your veterinarian, breeders, and experienced handlers to gather information and make an informed choice that prioritizes your dog’s well-being.

Remember, each dog is unique, and what works for one may not work for another. By understanding the arguments, considering your dog’s lifestyle, and seeking professional advice, you can make the best decision for your beloved canine companion.

Conclusion

The controversy surrounding dewclaw removal reflects the ongoing debate among experts, breeders, and owners. While some argue for the removal of dewclaws to prevent injuries and facilitate maintenance, others believe in the functional importance of dewclaws for a dog’s mobility and well-being. Ultimately, the decision lies with you as the owner, based on understanding your dog’s individual needs, considering breed-specific factors, and seeking professional advice.

Regardless of your decision, proper care and attention should be given to your dog’s dewclaws. Regular trimming, monitoring for infections, and providing a balanced diet can contribute to their overall nail health. By making an informed choice and prioritizing your dog’s well-being, you can ensure a happy and healthy life for your furry friend.

FAQs

1. What are dewclaws, and why do dogs have them?
   Dewclaws are small, extra toes located higher on the front or rear legs. They can assist in gripping objects but are often considered vestigial.
2. Why is dewclaw removal performed in dogs?
   Removal is often done to prevent injury, especially in active dogs or those prone to snagging their dewclaws during activities like running or hunting.
3. Is dewclaw removal necessary for all dogs?
   No, many dogs live without issues related to their dewclaws. Removal is typically only recommended if the dewclaws are loose, prone to injury, or causing discomfort.
4. What are the risks of dewclaw removal?
   Risks include pain, infection, and complications from anesthesia. The procedure is often more invasive for older dogs than for puppies.
5. Why is dewclaw removal controversial?
   Some argue it is an unnecessary, cosmetic procedure that can cause pain, while others believe it prevents potential future injuries in certain dogs.